So another round of Poster Talks, this time on Antibiotic Resistance...let's boil these posters down to their take home messages and provide some links for further information!
Anna Seekatz - University of MichiganLongitudinal impact of prophylactic antibiotic use on the gut microbiota and antimicrobial
resistance genes
Methods:
- Use of cefazolin, clindamycin, vancomycin
- Up to 7 stool samples collected before and after antibiotic administration
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing
- qPCR to identify antibiotic resistance genes
- Mixed model analysis
Further Reading:
- Seekatz, Anna Maria, and Vincent Bensan Young. "Clostridium difficile Infection and the Tangled Web of Interactions Among Host, Pathogen, and Microbiota." Gastroenterology 154.6 (2018): 1573-1576.
- Francino, M. P. "Antibiotics and the human gut microbiome: dysbioses and accumulation of resistances." Frontiers in microbiology 6 (2016): 1543.
- Shreiner, Andrew B., John Y. Kao, and Vincent B. Young. "The gut microbiome in health and in disease." Current opinion in gastroenterology 31.1 (2015): 69.
- Jakobsson, Hedvig E., et al. "Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome." PloS one 5.3 (2010): e9836.
- Raymond, Frédéric, et al. "The initial state of the human gut microbiome determines its reshaping by antibiotics." The ISME journal 10.3 (2016): 707.
Ashley Shade - Michigan State University
Investigating chemical and genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial production and resistance in a co-evoluationary arms race
Methods:
- Competition experiments between Flavobacterium johnsoniae and Burkholderia thailandensis on agar media which allows for interspecies interactions via small molecular diffusion through the media.
- HPLC bioassay-guided fractionation to assist in identifying and mass spectrometry to identify novel inhibitory molecules.
Further Reading:
- Shade, Ashley. "Understanding Microbiome Stability in a Changing World." MSystems 3.2 (2018): e00157-17.
- Gómez, Pedro, Ben Ashby, and Angus Buckling. "Population mixing promotes arms race host–parasite coevolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 282.1798 (2015): 20142297.
Genome analysis of a multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12,I:- isolate associated with a 2015 foodborne outbreak from pork.
...Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12,I:- just rolls off the tongue don't it?
THM: "Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12,I:- is ranked the 5th most common serovar isolated from patients in the US, is multidrug resistant and over the past 20 years has been increasing in prevalence, primarily associated with food animals. Our analysis shows the presence of SG1-4 and the MDR module which confers resistance to mercury and multiple antimicrobials may provide colonization or virulence benefits that may assist in it's continued prevalence and expansion globally."Methods:
- Genome sequencing using PacBio and Illumina
- Genome analysis
Further Reading:
- Shippy, Daniel C., et al. "Porcine Response to a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5], 12: i:-Outbreak Isolate." Foodborne pathogens and disease 15.5 (2018): 253-261.
- Readings on Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12,I:- and antibiotic resistance
Patricia Buenbrazo - UC Berkeley
Development of a microfluidics platform to uncover novel antibiotics from Actinomycetes
Methods:
- Microfluidic device developed for culturing Actinomycetes with indicator bacteria using semi-permeable walls so if antimicrobial compounds are produced they will diffuse through the wall and impact the indicator bacteria.
Further Reading:
- Kim, Kyukwang, Seunggyu Kim, and Jessie S. Jeon. "Visual Estimation of Bacterial Growth Level in Microfluidic Culture Systems." Sensors 18.2 (2018): 447.
- A microfluidic long-term bacteria culture device with controllable humidity and dissolved oxygen
- Sang, Shengbo, et al. "A zero-flow microfluidics for long-term cell culture and detection." AIP Advances 5.4 (2015): 041310.
- Van der Meij, Anne, et al. "Chemical ecology of antibiotic production by actinomycetes." FEMS microbiology reviews41.3 (2017): 392-416.
- Weber, Tilmann, et al. "Metabolic engineering of antibiotic factories: new tools for antibiotic production in actinomycetes." Trends in biotechnology 33.1 (2015): 15-26.
- Zhu, Hua, Stephanie K. Sandiford, and Gilles P. van Wezel. "Triggers and cues that activate antibiotic production by actinomycetes." Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology 41.2 (2014): 371-386.
- Onaka, Hiroyasu. "Novel antibiotic screening methods to awaken silent or cryptic secondary metabolic pathways in actinomycetes." The Journal of antibiotics 70.8 (2017): 865.
- Abdelmohsen, Usama Ramadan, et al. "Elicitation of secondary metabolism in actinomycetes." Biotechnology advances 33.6 (2015): 798-811.
Beth Adamowicz - University of Minnesota
Cross-feeding changes the rate and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance evolution
Methods:
- E. coli - Salmonella obligate cross feeding system
- Ampicillin and rifampicin antibiotic gradient in growth system
- Continued passaging (n=20) doubling antibiotic and tracking MIC at each passage
- Sequenced most resistant population from each replicate and phenotyped
Further Reading:
- Chan, Agnes P., et al. "Multidrug resistant pathogens respond differently to the presence of co-pathogen, commensal, probiotic and host cells." Scientific reports 8.1 (2018): 8656.
- Lasa, Iñigo, and Cristina Solano. "Polymicrobial infections: Do bacteria behave differently depending on their neighbours?." Virulence 9.1 (2018): 895-897.
- Lee, Henry H., et al. "Bacterial charity work leads to population-wide resistance." Nature 467.7311 (2010): 82.
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